International envoy Kofi Annan tried to rescue his peace plan for Syria by seeking help Monday from Iran, a staunch ally and military backer of President Bashar Assad’s regime.
Before flying to Tehran, Annan said he had agreed on a new “approach” with Assad to stop the violence, which activists say has killed more than 17,000 people since the conflict began in March 2011.
Annan did not spell out the agreement or say what kind of involvement he saw for Iran in resolving the crisis. Anti-regime fighters dismissed any role for Iran in a plan they and some experts say has little hope of succeeding, The Associated Press reported.
The United States has rejected Iranian participation in international meetings on the crisis in Syria.
Annan, the joint envoy for Syria from the U.N. and the Arab League, presented a peace plan earlier this year, but it has been deeply troubled from the start.
Government forces and rebels have widely disregarded a cease-fire that was to begin in April, and spreading violence has kept nearly 300 U.N. observers monitoring the truce stuck in their hotels in Syria.
After a two-hour meeting with Assad on Monday, Annan said the men had agreed on “an approach” to stop the violence, and that the diplomat would share it with the armed opposition.
“I also stressed the importance of moving ahead with a political dialogue which the president accepts,” Annan said.
Annan then flew to Tehran to seek help from Iranian officials. Iran’s semiofficial Fars news agency said he would meet with Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi and top security official Saeed Jalili.
Last week, Annan acknowledged that international efforts to find a political solution for Syria had failed and called for a greater role for Iran, saying Tehran “should be part of the solution.”
Since Assad took power following the death of his father, Hafez, in 2000, he has deepened cultural, political and economic ties with Iran, making it Syria's strongest regional ally.
Iran has also boosted Assad’s military, providing it with advanced communications technology and weapons, as well as sending elite military advisers.
All of this makes Iran unlikely to support change in Syria.
Including Shiite Iran could also further isolate the mostly Sunni rebels fighting inside Syria, who say it is too close to the regime they seek to topple.
“This is not just a war with the regime. It is a war with Iran as well,” fighter Ahmed al-Assi told AP via Skype from Idlib province in northern Syria. “The fall of the regime will be a big blow to Iran. That’s why it is given the regime all it needs to fight the revolution.”
Syria’s uprising began with political protests and has since evolved into an armed insurgency, with scores of rebels groups across the country regularly clashing with government troops and attacking their convoys and checkpoints.
On Monday, the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said its total death toll for the conflict is more than 17,000 people. That includes 11,900 civilians, nearly 900 military defectors and about 4,350 government soldiers.
The group relies on a network of activists on the ground who document deaths and right violations by talking to witnesses and medics and watching amateur videos.
Another group, the Local Coordination Committees (LCC), says more than 14,800 civilians and rebel fighters have been killed. The group does not report military deaths.
The Syrian government says more than 4,000 soldiers have been killed. It does not provide numbers for civilian dead and bars most media from working in the country.
In a rare interview with the foreign press broadcast Sunday, Assad said most of those killed in Syria were government supporters.
He also told German public broadcaster ARD that the United States is complicit in the killings, saying it backs the opposition he says is made up of armed gangs and terrorists.
Asked if he feared that he might share the fate of [Muammar] Qaddafi, who was killed shortly after his capture, Assad said:
“Describing what happened to al-Qaddafi, this is savage, this is crime. Whatever he did, whatever he was, nobody in the world can accept what happened, to kill somebody like this.”
“What happened to Mubarak is different. It’s a trial. Any citizen, when he watches a trial on TV -- he would think that he won’t to be in that position. The answer is: Don’t do like him. Don’t do like him,” the 46-year-old leader said, according to Reuters.
“But to be scared, you have to compare. Do we have something in common? It’s a completely different situation ... You cannot compare. You cannot feel scared -- maybe feel sorry or a pity whatever.”
Inside Syria, activists reported shelling by government forces and clashes with rebels in opposition areas throughout the country Monday. The LCC told Al Arabiya that at least 51 people were killed nationwide.
In May, rebels succeeded in pushing the army from the city center, although government forces kept the city surrounded with checkpoints.
Video shot in the city Monday showed a dead man lying on a sidewalk with his head in a pool of blood and four other bodies in a pickup truck.
Another video from northwestern Syria showed at least five dead government soldiers lying in the street, one with an apparent bullet hole in his forehead.
The death tolls and authenticity of the video could not be independently verified.
Also Monday, Russia, the Assad regime’s biggest arms supplier, said it would not sign any new weapons contracts with Syria until the conflict calms down.
But Vyacheslav Dzirkaln, deputy chief of the Russian military and technical cooperation agency, told Russian news agencies that Russia will fulfill all previous contracts.
Russian President Vladimir Putin said Moscow is still committed to the Annan peace plan, adding that the Syrian government and opposition groups should be “forced” to start a dialogue.
Shells fired from Syria landed overnight in northern Lebanon after an exchange of fire along the border, a senior Lebanese security official told AFP early Tuesday.
The Syrian shells were fired into Lebanon following a cross-border gun battle, the source added.
There was no immediate report of casualties, but the latest incident came just two days after border clashes in which two girls were killed and several other people wounded in Lebanon.
US Ambassador to Lebanon Maura Connelly on Monday called on Damascus to “respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Lebanon.”
In Brussels EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton’s office released a statement saying she “strongly condemns the recent shelling of the Lebanese border area by Syrian artillery, causing several deaths and injuries.”
